Plasticizer and plastic product

ABSTRACT

A plasticizer, which is biodegradable, has a molecule including a central structure, at least two connecting structures and at least one side-chain structure. The central structure includes at least one of a benzene derivative and at least one amino acid. The connecting structures are respectively connected to the central structure, wherein the connecting structures include a first connecting structure and a second connecting structure. The first connecting structure is an amine group, and the second connecting structure is a carboxyl group. The side-chain structure is a chain of multiple carbon atoms, and the side-chain structure is connected to at least one of the first connecting structure and the second connecting structure. An amide bond is formed as the side-chain structure connected to the amine group, and an ester bond is formed as the side-chain structure connected to the carboxyl group.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/939,733, filed Nov. 25, 2019, which is herein incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to an additive for plastic materials. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a biodegradable plasticizer.

Description of Related Art

In order to solve the environmental problems brought on by plastic products, biodegradable plastics, such as polylactic acid (PLA), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), have already been developed. However, properties of this type of plastics are still not as good as petroleum-based plastics. For example, polylactic acid has excellent rigidity and high transparency, but lacks enough durability, heat resistance, impact resistance, flexibility and airtightness, which limits the applications of polylactic acid.

To deal with problems in properties, textures and costs of biodegradable plastics, conventional biodegradable additives can be added to change the flexibility and durability of biodegradable plastics. However, the enhancement of biodegradation in properties of biodegradable plastics made by adding conventional additives is still insufficient. Also, the conventional additives are likely to release and have higher cost, so there has a lot of improvements for the conventional additives. Furthermore, the conditions for degradation of biodegradable plastics are tough. For example, plastic products made of polylactic acid can completely degrade into carbon dioxide and water only under particular environmental conditions for a sufficient time, and then enter the cycle without harming the natural environment. However, it is pretty difficult for plastic products of polylactic acid naturally and completely degrading in a typical environment. In this regard, the important trend for future is to develop an additive, which can enhance the degradation rate to facilitate biodegradable plastics quickly degrading and entering the natural environment.

SUMMARY

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a plasticizer, which is biodegradable, has a molecule including a central structure, at least two connecting structures and at least one side-chain structure. The central structure includes at least one of a benzene derivative and at least one amino acid. The at least two connecting structures are respectively connected to the central structure, wherein the at least two connecting structures include a first connecting structure and a second connecting structure. The first connecting structure is an amine group, and the second connecting structure is a carboxyl group. The at least one side-chain structure is a chain of multiple carbon atoms, and the at least one side-chain structure is connected to at least one of the first connecting structure and the second connecting structure. An amide bond is formed as the at least one side-chain structure connected to the amine group, and an ester bond is formed as the at least one side-chain structure connected to the carboxyl group. When a number of carbon atoms of the side-chain structure which is connected to the amine group is nNC, and a number of carbon atoms of the side-chain structure which is connected to the carboxyl group is nOC, the following condition is satisfied: 0≤nNC/(nNC+nOC)≤1.00, wherein each of nNC and nOC is 0 or positive integer, but nNC and nOC are not 0 at the same time.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a plastic product, which is biodegradable, includes the plasticizer of the aforementioned aspect and a polyester plastic, wherein the polyester plastic is a polylactic acid, a polybutylene succinate, a poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) or a polyhydroxyalkanoate, and the plasticizer is mixed with the polyester plastic.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a plasticizer, which is biodegradable, has a molecule including at least two central structures, at least two connecting structures and a side-chain structure. Each of the central structures includes at least one of a benzene derivative and at least one amino acid. Each of the connecting structures is a carboxyl group, and each of the central structures is connected to at least one of the connecting structures. The side-chain structure is a chain of multiple carbon atoms, each of the central structures is connected to the side-chain structure through the connecting structures, and an ester bond is formed as the side-chain structure connected to each of the carboxyl groups.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure can be more fully understood by reading the following detailed description of the embodiment, with reference made to the accompanying drawings as follows:

FIG. 1 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer according to the let embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer according to the 2nd embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer according to the 3rd embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer according to the 4th embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer according to the 5th embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer according to the 6th embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer according to the 7th embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer according to the 8th embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer according to the 9th embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer according to the 10th embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer according to the 11th embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer according to the 12th embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 13 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer according to the 13th embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer according to the 14th embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 shows results of biodegradation tests of the comparison, the 29th Example and the 30th Example.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A plasticizer, which is biodegradable, has a molecule including a central structure, at least two connecting structures and at least one side-chain structure. The at least two connecting structures are respectively connected to the central structure, and the side-chain structure is connected to at least one of the at least two connecting structures.

The central structure includes at least one of a benzene derivative and at least one amino acid. It is favorable for maintaining the biodegradability of the plasticizer by having the benzene derivative. The amino acid can be degraded and metabolized in animal cells, so that it is favorable for enhancing the biodegradability of the plasticizer. Moreover, the central structure can be the benzene derivative, and can further include the amino acid. Furthermore, the central structure can be the amino acid, and can include at least two of the amino acid. The residue of the amino acid can be acidic, basic, hydrophilic or hydrophobic, so that it is favorable for adjusting the properties of the plasticizer according to the residue characteristics of the amino acid.

The benzene derivative can be compounds with similar structures, such as 2-aminobenzoic acid, 3-aminobenzoic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid or 4-hydroxybenzoic acid.

The amino acid can be standard amino acids, essential amino acids which humans cannot synthesize, modified amino acids (such as hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine or thyroxine) or other non-standard amino acids (such as homocysteine, homoserine or ornithine). The standard amino acids and essential amino acids are listed in Table 1 below.

TABLE 1 Standard Amino Acids and Essential Amino Acids Amino Acid Abbreviation Essential Amino Acid Alanine Ala No Arginine Arg No Asparagine Asn No Aspartate Asp No Cysteine Cys No Glutamate Glu No Glutamine Gln No Glycine Gly No Histidine His Yes Isoleucine Ile Yes Leucine Leu Yes Lysine Lys Yes Methionine Met Yes Phenylalanine Phe Yes Proline Pro No Pyrrolysine Pyl No Selenocysteine Sec No Serine Ser No Threonine Thr Yes Tryptophan Trp Yes Tyrosine Tyr No Valine Val Yes

The central structure can also be glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) or 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)propan-1-ol.

The at least two connecting structures include a first connecting structure and a second connecting structure. The first connecting structure is an amine group, and the second connecting structure is a carboxyl group.

If the central structure is the benzene derivative, the position of the amine group and the position of the carboxyl group can be adjacent to each other (ortho) or not adjacent (meta or para) on the benzene derivative.

The amine group can be a functional group of —NH₂, —NHR, or —NR₂. Moreover, the amine group can be a primary amine, a secondary amine, a tertiary amine or a quaternary ammonium cation. Furthermore, a hydroxyl group can be substituted for the amine group of the first connecting structure. When the side-chain structure is connected to the hydroxyl group, the connection therebetween can be split through hydrolysis reaction, so that it is favorable for enhancing the biodegradability of the plasticizer.

When the molecule of the plasticizer includes two connecting structures, the two connecting structures are respectively the first connecting structure and the second connecting structure. Moreover, the molecule of the plasticizer can include three connecting structures, which are respectively the first connecting structure, the second connecting structure and a third connecting structure. The third connecting structure can be the residue of the amino acid. For example, the amine group of the residue from lysine can be taken as the third connecting structure, or the carboxyl group of the residue from aspartate can be taken as the third connecting structure. Further, the molecule of the plasticizer can include four connecting structures, which are respectively the first connecting structure, the second connecting structure, the third connecting structure and a fourth connecting structure. The third connecting structure and the fourth connecting structure can be the same functional groups, such as the binary amine groups of the residues from arginine, or can be different functional groups. Furthermore, when the central structure includes a plurality of amino acids, the molecule of the plasticizer can include more than five connecting structures.

The side-chain structure is a chain of multiple carbon atoms. The number of carbon atoms of the side-chain structure can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20, etc. Moreover, the side-chain structure can include an oxygen atom to form an ether group, and the number of oxygen atoms of the side-chain structure can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, etc.

The side-chain structure can be a saturated fatty acid. The number of carbon atoms of the saturated fatty acid can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 or 36, such as acetic acid (lipid number C2:0), butyric acid (C4:0), hexanoic acid (C6:0), octanoic acid (C8:0), decanoic acid (C10:0), lauric acid (C12:0), lignoceric acid (C24:0), or hexatriacontanoic acid (C36:0).

The side-chain structure can be an unsaturated fatty acid. The number of carbon atoms of the unsaturated fatty acid can be 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 or 24, and the number of double bonds of the unsaturated fatty acid can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, such as paullinic acid (020:1), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA, C20:3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6), or tetracosenoic acid (C24:1).

The side-chain structure can be formed by continuous polymerization with ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol (PEG), propylene glycol or polypropylene glycol (PPG) as monomers. Moreover, the side-chain structure can be formed by polymerization of the monomers selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol and polypropylene glycol. The side-chain structure is formed by polymerization of the abovementioned monomers, the required molecular weight of the plasticizer can be controlled, and the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the plasticizer are properly adjusted, so that it is favorable for the plasticizer performing the superior characteristics and enhancing the compatibility of the plasticizer mixing with the plastic.

The side-chain structure is connected to at least one of the first connecting structure and the second connecting structure, that is, the central structure is connected to the side-chain structure through the first connecting structure and/or the second connecting structure by a method of esterification, dehydration or peptide synthesis.

When the side-chain structure is connected to the amine group, an amide bond is formed, so that it is favorable for enhancing the efficiency of the plasticizer degraded by the enzyme, and further improving the biodegradability of the plasticizer. Moreover, when the side-chain structure is connected to the carboxyl group, an ester bond is formed. Furthermore, when the side-chain structure is connected to the hydroxyl group, an ether bond is formed. The ether bond can be split through hydrolysis reaction in a particular environment, so that it is favorable for enhancing the biodegradability of the plasticizer.

The plasticizer can further include at least one polar functional group connected to the side-chain structure, and the polar functional group can be located in the middle or at the end of the side-chain structure. Moreover, the polar functional group can be a carboxyl group (—COOH), a hydroxyl group (—OH), an amine group (—NH₂) or a phosphoryl group (—PO(OH)₂). Furthermore, the plasticizer can include at least two of the polar functional group, which are selected from the group consisting of the carboxyl group, the hydroxyl group, the amine group and the phosphoryl group. The polar functional group is arranged according to different requirements, so that it is favorable for enhancing the hydrophilicity of the plasticizer and the compatibility between the plasticizer and the plastic, which helps the plasticizer mix with the plastic.

When a number of carbon atoms of the side-chain structure which is connected to the amine group is nNC, and a number of carbon atoms of the side-chain structure which is connected to the carboxyl group is nOC, the following condition is satisfied: 0≤nNC/(nNC+nOC)≤1.00, wherein each of nNC and nOC is 0 or positive integer, but nNC and nOC are not 0 at the same time. Moreover, the following conditions can be satisfied: 0.01≤nNC/(nNC+nOC); nNC/(nNC+nOC)≤1.00; 0.05≤nNC/(nNC+nOC)≤0.95; 0.10≤nNC/(nNC+nOC)≤0.90; 0.15≤nNC/(nNC+nOC)≤0.80; 0.20≤nNC/(nNC+nOC)≤0.70; 0.25≤nNC/(nNC+nOC)≤0.60; 0.30≤nNC/(nNC+nOC)≤0.50; or 0.35≤nNC/(nNC+nOC)≤0.40.

A number of oxygen atoms of the side-chain structure which is connected to the amine group is nNO. A number of oxygen atoms of the side-chain structure which is connected to the carboxyl group is nOO. A number of carbon atoms of the side-chain structure which is connected to the hydroxyl group is nO′C. A number of oxygen atoms of the side-chain structure which is connected to the hydroxyl group is nO′O. nNC and nNO of the side-chain structure are counted from the nitrogen atom of the amine group. nOC, nOO, nO′C and nO′O of the side-chain structure are counted from the oxygen atom of the carboxyl group or the hydroxyl group. The carbon atoms or the oxygen atoms in the polar functional group are not included as calculating nNC, nNO, nOC, nOO, nO′C and nO′O. nO′C is taken as nOC and nO′O is taken as nOO during calculation.

When the molecular weight of the plasticizer is MwP, the following condition is satisfied: 450 Dalton ≤MwP. As the molecular weight of the plasticizer is larger, it is more difficult for the plasticizer to pass through the cell membrane, so that it is favorable for preventing the plasticizer directly passing through the cell membrane into the cell. Moreover, the following conditions can be satisfied: MwP≤2000 Dalton; 475 Dalton ≤MwP≤1000 Dalton; 500 Dalton ≤MwP; 525 Dalton ≤MwP; 550 Dalton ≤MwP; or 600 Daltons ≤MwP≤1500 Dalton.

Each of the aforementioned features of the plasticizer can be utilized in various combinations for achieving the corresponding effects.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a plasticizer, which is biodegradable, has a molecule including at least two central structures, at least two connecting structures and a side-chain structure. Each of the central structures is connected to at least one of the connecting structures. Each of the central structures is connected to the side-chain structure through the connecting structures, that is, the central structures are all connected to the same side-chain structure. The detailed features of the central structures, the connecting structures and the side-chain structure are the same as the abovementioned plasticizer, and an explanation in this regard will not be provided again.

According to the present disclosure, a plastic product is provided, wherein the plastic product is biodegradable. The plastic product includes the aforementioned plasticizer and a polyester plastic, wherein the polyester plastic can be a polylactic acid, a polybutylene succinate, a poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) or a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), and the plasticizer is mixed with the polyester plastic. The type of the polyester plastic is chosen to ensure that the plasticizer is mixed with the plastic of high compatibility, so that it is favorable for enhancing the ductility of the plastic and reducing the possibility of releasing of the plasticizer. Moreover, the polyhydroxyalkanoate can be a polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB).

1st Embodiment

FIG. 1 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer 100 according to the 1st embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 1, the molecule of the plasticizer 100 according to the 1st embodiment includes a central structure 110, two connecting structures and a side-chain structure 130.

The central structure 110 is a benzene derivative.

The two connecting structures are a first connecting structure and a second connecting structure and connected to the central structure 110, respectively. The first connecting structure is an amine group 121, and the second connecting structure is a carboxyl group (not shown in drawings).

The side-chain structure 130 is formed by polymerization with ethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol as monomers. The side-chain structure 130 is connected to the second connecting structure to form an ester bond 122′.

2nd Embodiment

FIG. 2 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer 200 according to the 2nd embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 2, the molecule of the plasticizer 200 according to the 2nd embodiment includes a central structure 210, two connecting structures, a side-chain structure 230 and a polar functional group 260.

The central structure 210 is a benzene derivative.

The two connecting structures are a first connecting structure and a second connecting structure and connected to the central structure 210, respectively. The first connecting structure is an amine group 221, and the second connecting structure is a carboxyl group (not shown in drawings).

The side-chain structure 230 is formed by polymerization with propylene glycol or polypropylene glycol as monomers. The side-chain structure 230 is connected to the second connecting structure to form an ester bond 222′.

The polar functional group 260 is connected to the side-chain structure 230.

3rd Embodiment

FIG. 3 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer 300 according to the 3rd embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 3, the molecule of the plasticizer 300 according to the 3rd embodiment includes a central structure 310, two connecting structures and a side-chain structure 330.

The central structure 310 is a benzene derivative.

The two connecting structures are a first connecting structure and a second connecting structure and connected to the central structure 310, respectively. The first connecting structure is an amine group 321, and the second connecting structure is a carboxyl group (not shown in drawings).

The side-chain structure 330 is formed by a first short chain 331 connected to a second short chain 332. The first short chain 331 is formed by polymerization with ethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol as monomers. The second short chain 332 is formed by polymerization with propylene glycol or polypropylene glycol as monomers. The side-chain structure 330 is connected to the second connecting structure to form an ester bond 322′.

4th Embodiment

FIG. 4 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer 400 according to the 4th embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 4, the molecule of the plasticizer 400 according to the 4th embodiment includes a central structure 410, two connecting structures and a side-chain structure 430.

The central structure 410 is a benzene derivative.

The two connecting structures are a first connecting structure and a second connecting structure and connected to the central structure 410, respectively. The first connecting structure is an amine group (not shown in drawings), and the second connecting structure is a carboxyl group 422.

The side-chain structure 430 is a fatty acid. The side-chain structure 430 is connected to the first connecting structure to form an amide bond 421′.

5th Embodiment

FIG. 5 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer 500 according to the 5th embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 5, the molecule of the plasticizer 500 according to the 5th embodiment includes a central structure 510, two connecting structures, two side-chain structures 530, 540 and a polar functional group 560.

The central structure 510 is a benzene derivative.

The two connecting structures are a first connecting structure and a second connecting structure and connected to the central structure 510, respectively. The first connecting structure is an amine group (not shown in drawings), and the second connecting structure is a carboxyl group (not shown in drawings).

The side-chain structure 530 is formed by a first short chain 531 connected to a second short chain 532. The first short chain 531 is formed by polymerization with ethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol as monomers. The second short chain 532 is formed by polymerization with propylene glycol or polypropylene glycol as monomers. The side-chain structure 530 is connected to the second connecting structure to form an ester bond 522′.

The side-chain structure 540 is a fatty acid. The side-chain structure 540 is connected to the first connecting structure to form an amide bond 521′.

The polar functional group 560 is connected to the side-chain structure 530.

6th Embodiment

FIG. 6 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer 600 according to the 6th embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 6, the molecule of the plasticizer 600 according to the 6th embodiment includes a central structure 610, two connecting structures, a side-chain structure 630 and a polar functional group 660.

The central structure 610 is an amino acid and includes a residue 611.

The two connecting structures are a first connecting structure and a second connecting structure and connected to the central structure 610, respectively. The first connecting structure is an amine group 621, and the second connecting structure is a carboxyl group (not shown in drawings).

The side-chain structure 630 is formed by polymerization with ethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol as monomers. The side-chain structure 630 is connected to the second connecting structure to form an ester bond 622′.

The polar functional group 660 is connected to the side-chain structure 630.

7th Embodiment

FIG. 7 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer 700 according to the 7th embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 7, the molecule of the plasticizer 700 according to the 7th embodiment includes a central structure 710, two connecting structures and a side-chain structure 730.

The central structure 710 is an amino acid and includes a residue 711.

The two connecting structures are a first connecting structure and a second connecting structure and connected to the central structure 710, respectively. The first connecting structure is an amine group 721, and the second connecting structure is a carboxyl group (not shown in drawings).

The side-chain structure 730 is formed by polymerization with propylene glycol or polypropylene glycol as monomers. The side-chain structure 730 is connected to the second connecting structure to form an ester bond 722′.

8th Embodiment

FIG. 8 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer 800 according to the 8th embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 8, the molecule of the plasticizer 800 according to the 8th embodiment includes a central structure 810, two connecting structures and a side-chain structure 830.

The central structure 810 is an amino acid and includes a residue 811.

The two connecting structures are a first connecting structure and a second connecting structure and connected to the central structure 810, respectively. The first connecting structure is an amine group 821, and the second connecting structure is a carboxyl group (not shown in drawings).

The side-chain structure 830 is formed by a first short chain 831 connected to a second short chain 832. The first short chain 831 is formed by polymerization with ethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol as monomers. The second short chain 832 is formed by polymerization with propylene glycol or polypropylene glycol as monomers. The side-chain structure 830 is connected to the second connecting structure to form an ester bond 822′.

9th Embodiment

FIG. 9 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer 900 according to the 9th embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 9, the molecule of the plasticizer 900 according to the 9th embodiment includes a central structure 910, two connecting structures and a side-chain structure 930.

The central structure 910 is an amino acid and includes a residue 911.

The two connecting structures are a first connecting structure and a second connecting structure and connected to the central structure 910, respectively. The first connecting structure is an amine group (not shown in drawings), and the second connecting structure is a carboxyl group 922.

The side-chain structure 930 is a fatty acid. The side-chain structure 930 is connected to the first connecting structure to form an amide bond 921.

10th Embodiment

FIG. 10 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer 1000 according to the 10th embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 10, the molecule of the plasticizer 1000 according to the 10th embodiment includes central structure 1010, two connecting structures, two side-chain structures 1030, 1040 and a polar functional group 1060.

The central structure 1010 is an amino acid and includes a residue 1011.

The two connecting structures are a first connecting structure and a second connecting structure and connected to the central structure 1010, respectively. The first connecting structure is an amine group (not shown in drawings), and the second connecting structure is a carboxyl group (not shown in drawings).

The side-chain structure 1030 is formed by a first short chain 1031 connected to a second short chain 1032. The first short chain 1031 is formed by polymerization with ethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol as monomers. The second short chain 1032 is formed by polymerization with propylene glycol or polypropylene glycol as monomers. The side-chain structure 1030 is connected to the second connecting structure to form an ester bond 1022′.

The side-chain structure 1040 is a fatty acid. The side-chain structure 1040 is connected to the first connecting structure to form an amide bond 1021′.

The polar functional group 1060 is connected to the side-chain structure 1030.

11th Embodiment

FIG. 11 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer 1100 according to the 11th embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 11, the molecule of the plasticizer 1100 according to the 11th embodiment includes a central structure 1110, three connecting structures, three side-chain structures 1130, 1140, 1150 and a polar functional group 1160.

The central structure 1110 includes two amino acids, and each of the two amino acids includes a residue 1111, 1112.

The three connecting structures are a first connecting structure, a second connecting structure and a third connecting structure and connected to the central structure 1110, respectively. The first connecting structure is an amine group (not shown in drawings), and each of the second connecting structure and the third connecting structure is a carboxyl group (not shown in drawings). The third connecting structure is connected to the residue 1111.

The side-chain structure 1130 is formed by polymerization with ethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol as monomers. The side-chain structure 1130 is connected to the second connecting structure to form an ester bond 1122′.

The side-chain structure 1140 is a fatty acid. The side-chain structure 1140 is connected to the first connecting structure to form an amide bond 1121′.

The side-chain structure 1150 is formed by a first short chain 1151 connected to a second short chain 1152. The first short chain 1151 is formed by polymerization with ethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol as monomers. The second short chain 1152 is formed by polymerization with propylene glycol or polypropylene glycol as monomers. The side-chain structure 1150 is connected to the third connecting structure to form an ester bond 1123′.

The polar functional group 1160 is connected to the side-chain structure 1150.

12th Embodiment

FIG. 12 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer 1200 according to the 12th embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 12, the molecule of the plasticizer 1200 according to the 12th embodiment includes a central structure 1210, three connecting structures and three side-chain structures 1230, 1240, 1250.

The central structure 1210 includes two amino acids, and each of the two amino acids includes a residue 1211, 1212.

The three connecting structures are a first connecting structure, a second connecting structure and a third connecting structure and connected to the central structure 1210, respectively. Each of the first connecting structure and the third connecting structure is an amine group (not shown in drawings), and the second connecting structure is a carboxyl group (not shown in drawings). The third connecting structure is connected to the residue 1212.

The side-chain structure 1230 is formed by polymerization with ethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol as monomers. The side-chain structure 1230 is connected to the second connecting structure to form an ester bond 1222′.

The side-chain structure 1240 is a fatty acid. The side-chain structure 1240 is connected to the first connecting structure to form an amide bond 1221′.

The side-chain structure 1250 is a fatty acid. The side-chain structure 1250 is connected to the third connecting structure to form an amide bond 1223′.

13th Embodiment

FIG. 13 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer 1300 according to the 13th embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 13, the molecule of the plasticizer 1300 according to the 13th embodiment includes a central structure 1310, four connecting structures, three side-chain structures 1330, 1340, 1350 and a polar functional group 1360.

The central structure 1310 includes three amino acids, and each of the three amino acids includes a residue 1311, 1312, 1313.

The four connecting structures are a first connecting structure, a second connecting structure, a third connecting structure and a fourth connecting structure and connected to the central structure 1310, respectively. The first connecting structure is an amine group 1321, each of the second connecting structure and the third connecting structure is a carboxyl group (not shown in drawings), and the fourth connecting structure is an amine group (not shown in drawings). The third connecting structure and the fourth connecting structure are connected to the residue 1311 and the residue 1313, respectively.

The side-chain structure 1330 is formed by polymerization with ethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol as monomers. The side-chain structure 1330 is connected to the second connecting structure to form an ester bond 1322′.

The side-chain structure 1340 is formed by a first short chain 1341 connected to a second short chain 1342. The first short chain 1341 is formed by polymerization with ethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol as monomers. The second short chain 1342 is formed by polymerization with propylene glycol or polypropylene glycol as monomers. The side-chain structure 1340 is connected to the third connecting structure to form an ester bond 1323′.

The side-chain structure 1350 is a fatty acid. The side-chain structure 1350 is connected to the fourth connecting structure to form an amide bond 1324′.

The polar functional group 1360 is connected to the side-chain structure 1330.

14th Embodiment

FIG. 14 is a structural schematic view of a molecule of a plasticizer 1400 according to the 14th embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 14, the molecule of the plasticizer 1400 according to the 14th embodiment includes two central structures 1410 a, 1410 b, two connecting structures, a side-chain structure 1430 and two polar functional groups 1460 a, 1460 b.

Each of the central structures 1410 a, 1410 b is a benzene derivative.

Each of the central structures 1410 a, 1410 b is connected to the corresponding one of the connecting structures, that is, the central structure 1410 a is connected to one of the connecting structures, and the central structure 1410 b is connected to the other one of the connecting structures. Both of the connecting structures are carboxyl groups (not shown in drawings).

The side-chain structure 1430 is formed by polymerization with ethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol as monomers. Each of the central structures 1410 a, 1410 b is connected to the side-chain structure 1430 through the connecting structure to form an ester bond 1420 a, 1420 b.

Each of the polar functional groups 1460 a, 1460 b is connected to the corresponding one of the central structures 1410 a, 1410 b.

According to the above description of the present disclosure, the following specific examples are provided for further explanation.

In the 1st Example to the 8th Example, the side-chain structures connected to the amine group, the carboxyl group and the hydroxyl group are named as SCA, SCC and SCH, respectively. For the molecule of the plasticizer including a plurality of the side-chain structures connected to a same functional group, for example, two side-chain structures are connected to the amine group in the 1st Example, so the two side-chain structures are named as SCA1 and SCA2, respectively. The names of other side-chain structures follow the same rule, and an explanation in this regard will not be provided again.

1st Example 2nd Example Central Structure Aminobenzoic Acid Aminobenzoic Acid Structure of Para Position

SMILES Notation C1═CC(═CC═C1C(═O)OC C1═CC(═CC═C1C(═O)OC COCCOCCO[H])N(C(CCC C(OCC(OCC(OCC(O[H])C) CCCC)═O)C(CCCCCCC)═O C)C)C)N(C(CCCCCCC)═O)[H] InChI Notation InChI = 1S/C29H47NO7/c1- InChI = 1S/C27H45NO7/c1- 3-5-7-9-11-13-27(32)30(28 6-7-8-9-10-11-26(30)28-25- (33)14-12-10-8-6-4-2)26-17- 14-12-24(13-15-25)27(31) 15-25(16-18-26)29(34)37- 35-19-23(5)34-18-22(4)33- 24-23-36-22-21-35-20-19- 17-21(3)32-16-20(2)29/h12- 31/h15-18, 31H, 3-14, 19- 15, 20-23, 29H, 6-11, 16-1 24H2, 1-2H3 9H2, 1-5H3, (H, 28, 30) Molecular Formula C₂₉H₄₇NO₇ C₂₇H₄₅NO₇ Molecular Weight 521.693 495.655 MwP (g/mol, Dalton) Structure of Ortho Position With Steric Hindrance

Structure of Meta Position

Side-Chain Structure SCA1 Connected to Amine Group nNC 8 8 nNO 0 0 nNC/(nNC + nNO) 1 1 Polar Functional — — Group Side-Chain Structure SCA2 Connected to Amine Group nNC 8 0 nNO 0 0 nNC/(nNC + nNO) 1 — Polar Functional — — Group Side-Chain Structure SCC Connected to Carboxyl Group nOC 6 12 nOO 2 3 nOC/(nOC + nOO) 0.75 0.80 Polar Functional OH OH Group Relationship Between Numbers of Atoms of Side-Chain Structures SCA1, SCA2 and SCC nNC_(SCA1)/(nNC_(SCA1) + 0.6 0.4 nOC_(SCC)) nNC_(SCA2)/(nNC_(SCA2) + 0.6 0.0 nOC_(SCC)) nNC_(SCA1)/(nNC_(SCA1) + 0.8 0.7 nOO_(SCC)) nNC_(SCA2)/(nNC_(SCA2) + 0.8 0.0 nOO_(SCC)) nNO_(SCA1)/(nNO_(SCA1) + 0.0 0.0 nOC_(SCC)) nNO_(SCA2)/(nNO_(SCA2) + 0.0 0.0 nOC_(SCC)) nNO_(SCA1)/(nNO_(SCA1) + 0.0 0.0 nOO_(SCC)) nNO_(SCA2)/(nNO_(SCA2) + 0.0 0.0 nOO_(SCC))

Furthermore, in the 1st Example to the 8th Example, a number of carbon atoms and a number of oxygen atoms of the side-chain structure SCA1 are nNC_(SCA1) and nNO_(SCA1), respectively. A number of carbon atoms and a number of oxygen atoms of the side-chain structure SCA2 are nNC_(SCA2) and nNO_(SCA2), respectively. A number of carbon atoms and a number of oxygen atoms of the side-chain structure SCC are nOC_(SCC) and nOO_(SCC), respectively. SCA1, SCA2 and SCC are only for marking the side-chain structures to clearly understand the characteristics of the side-chain structures, and do not make a difference to the calculation of carbon atoms and oxygen atoms of nNO, nNC, nOC and nOO as claimed. That is, nNC_(SCA1) is taken as nNC, nNO_(SCA1) is taken nNO, nNC_(SCA2) is taken as nNC, nNO_(SCA2) is taken as nNO, nOC_(SCC) is taken as nOC and nOO_(SCC) is taken as nOO during calculation. The information in the following tables has the same definition, and an explanation in this regard will not be provided again.

3rd Example 4th Example Central Structure Aminobenzoic Acid Hydroxybenzoic Acid Structure of Para Position

SMILES Notation C1═CC(═CC═C1C(═O)OC C1═CC(═CC═C1C(═O)OC COCCOCCOCCOCCO[H]) COCCOCCOCCCC)OCC N(C(CCCCCCC)═O)[H] OCCOCCOCCCC InChI Notation InChI = 1S/C25H41NO8/c1- InChI = 1S/C27H46O9/c1-3- 2-3-4-5-6-7-24(28)26-23-10- 5-11-29-13-15-31-17-19-33- 8-22(9-11-23)25(29)34-21- 21-23-35-26-9-7-25(8-10- 20-33-19-18-32-17-16-31- 26)27(28)36-24-22-34-20- 15-14-30-13-12-27/h8-11, 18-32-16-14-30-12-6-4-2/h 27H, 2-7, 12-21H2, 1H3, (H, 7-10H, 3-6, 11-24H2, 1-2H3 26, 28) Molecular Formula C₂₅H₄₁NO₈ C₂₇H₄₆O₉ Molecular Weight 483.601 514.655 MwP (g/mol, Dalton) Structure of Ortho Position

Structure of Meta Position

Side-Chain Structure SCA1 Connected to Amine Group nNC 8 0 nNO 0 0 nNC/(nNC + nNO) 1 — Polar Functional — — Group Side-Chain Structure SCA2 Connected to Amine Group nNC 0 0 nNO 0 0 nNC/(nNC + nNO) — — Polar Functional — — Group Side-Chain Structure SCC Connected to Carboxyl Group nOC 10 10 nOO 4 3 nOC/(nOC + nOO) 0.71 0.77 Polar Functional OH — Group Relationship Between Numbers of Atoms of Side-Chain Structures SCA1, SCA2 and SCC nNC_(SCA1)/(nNC_(SCA1) + 0.4 0.0 nOC_(SCC)) nNC_(SCA2)/(nNC_(SCA2) + 0.0 0.0 nOC_(SCC)) nNC_(SCA1)/(nNC_(SCA1) + 0.7 0.0 nOO_(SCC)) nNC_(SCA2)/(nNC_(SCA2) + 0.0 0.0 nOO_(SCC)) nNO_(SCA1)/(nNO_(SCA1) + 0.0 0.0 nOC_(SCC)) nNO_(SCA2)/(nNO_(SCA2) + 0.0 0.0 nOC_(SCC)) nNO_(SCA1)/(nNO_(SCA1) + 0.0 0.0 nOO_(SCC)) nNO_(SCA2)/(nNO_(SCA2) + 0.0 0.0 nOO_(SCC)) Side-Chain Structure SCH1 Connected to Hydroxyl Group nO′C — 10 nO′O — 3 nO′C/(nO′C + nO′O) — 0.77 Polar Functional — — Group Side-Chain Structure SCH2 Connected to Hydroxyl Group nO′C — 0 nO′O — 0 nO′C/(nO′C + nO′O) — — Polar Functional — — Group Side-Chain Structure SCH3 Connected to Hydroxyl Group nO′C — 0 nO′O — 0 nO′C/(nO′C + nO′O) — — Polar Functional — — Group

5th Example 6th Example Central Structure Hydroxybenzoic Acid Propane-1,2,3-Triol Structure of Para Position

SMILES Notation C1═CC(═CC═C1C(═O)OC C(C(COCCOCCOCCC)O C(OCC(OCC(OCCCC)C)C) CCOCCOCCC)OCCOCC C)OC(COC(COC(COC(C OCCC CC)C)C)C)C InChI Notation InChI = 1S/C34H60O9/c1-10- InChI = 1S/C24H50O9/c1-4- 12-18-36-26(4)19-38-28 7-25-10-13-28-16-18-31-22- (6)21-40-30(8)23-42-34(35) 24(33-21-20-30-15-12-27- 32-14-16-33(17-15-32)43- 9-6-3)23-32-19-17-29-14- 31(9)24-41-29(7)22-39-27 11-26-8-5-2/h24H, 4-23H2, (5)20-37-25(3)13-11-2/h14- 1-3H3 17, 25-31H, 10-13, 18-24H2, 1-9H3 Molecular Formula C₃₄H₆₀O₉ C₂₄H₅₀O₉ Molecular Weight 612.843 482.654 MwP (g/mol, Dalton) Structure of Ortho Position

— Structure of Meta Position

— Side-Chain Structure SCA1 Connected to Amine Group nNC 0 0 nNO 0 0 nNC/(nNC + nNO) — — Polar Functional — — Group Side-Chain Structure SCA2 Connected to Amine Group nNC 0 0 nNO 0 0 nNC/(nNC + nNO) — — Polar Functional — — Group Side-Chain Structure SCC Connected to Carboxyl Group nOC 13 0 nOO 3 0 nOC/(nOC + nOO) 0.81 — Polar Functional — — Group Relationship Between Numbers of Atoms of Side-Chain Structures SCA1, SCA2 and SCC nNC_(SCA1)/(nNC_(SCA1) + 0.0 — nOC_(SCC)) nNC_(SCA2)/(nNC_(SCA2) + 0.0 — nOC_(SCC)) nNC_(SCA1)/(nNC_(SCA1) + 0.0 — nOO_(SCC)) nNC_(SCA2)/(nNC_(SCA2) + 0.0 — nOO_(SCC)) nNO_(SCA1)/(nNO_(SCA1) + 0.0 — nOC_(SCC)) nNO_(SCA2)/(nNO_(SCA2) + 0.0 — nOC_(SCC)) nNO_(SCA1)/(nNO_(SCA1) + 0.0 — nOO_(SCC)) nNO_(SCA2)/(nNO_(SCA2) + 0.0 — nOO_(SCC)) Side-Chain Structure SCH1 Connected to Hydroxyl Group nO′C 14 7 nO′O 3 2 nO′C/(nO′C + nO′O) 0.82 0.78 Polar Functional — — Group Side-Chain Structure SCH2 Connected to Hydroxyl Group nO′C 0 7 nO′O 0 2 nO′C/(nO′C + NO′O) — 0.78 Polar Functional — — Group Side-Chain Structure SCH3 Connected to Hydroxyl Group nO′C 0 7 nO′O 0 2 nO′C/(nO′C + nO′O) — 0.78 Polar Functional — — Group

7th Example 8th Example Central Structure Propane-1,2,3-Triol 2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy) Propan-1-ol Structure

SMILES Notation C(C(COC(COC(COCCC)C) C(OC(COC(COCCCC(CC) C)OCCOCCOCCC)OC(C CC)C)C)C(OCC(OCCCC OC(COCCC)C)C (CC)CC)C)C InChI Notation InChI = 1S/C28H58O9/c1-8- InChI = 1S/C28H58O5/c1-9- 11-29-14-15-30-16-17-33- 27(10-2)15-13-17-29-19-23 28(22-36-26(6)20-34-24(4) (5)31-21-25(7)33-22-26(8) 18-31-12-9-2)23-37-27(7)21- 32-20-24(6)30-18-14-16-28 35-25(5)19-32-13-10-3/h (11-3)12-4/h23-28H, 9-22 24-28H, 8-23H2, 1-7H3 H2, 1-8H3 Molecular Formula C₂₈H₅₈O₉ C₂₈H₅₈O₅ Molecular Weight 538.761 474.763 MwP (g/mol, Dalton) Side-Chain Structure SCA1 Connected to Amine Group nNC 0 0 nNO 0 0 nNC/(nNC + nNO) — — Polar Functional — — Group Side-Chain Structure SCA2 Connected to Amine Group nNC 0 0 nNO 0 0 nNC/(nNC + nNO) — — Polar Functional — — Group Side-Chain Structure SCC Connected to Carboxyl Group nOC 0 0 nOO 0 0 nOC/(nOC + nOO) — — Polar Functional — — Group Relationship Between Numbers of Atoms of Side-Chain Structures SCA1, SCA2 and SCC nNC_(SCA1)/(nNC_(SCA1) + — — nOC_(SCC)) nNC_(SCA2)/(nNC_(SCA2) + — — nOC_(SCC)) nNC_(SCA1)/(nNC_(SCA1) + — — nOO_(SCC)) nNC_(SCA2)/(nNC_(SCA2) + — — nOO_(SCC)) nNO_(SCA1)/(nNO_(SCA1) + — — nOC_(SCC)) nNO_(SCA2)/(nNO_(SCA2) + — — nOC_(SCC)) nNO_(SCA1)/(nNO_(SCA1) + — — nOO_(SCC)) nNO_(SCA2)/(nNO_(SCA2) + — — nOO_(SCC)) Side-Chain Structure SCH1 Connected to Hydroxyl Group nO′C 9 11 nO′O 2 1 nO′C/(nO′C + nO′O) 0.82 0.92 Polar Functional — — Group Side-Chain Structure SCH2 Connected to Hydroxyl Group nO′C 7 11 nO′O 2 1 nO′C/(nO′C + nO′O) 0.78 0.92 Polar Functional — — Group Side-Chain Structure SCH3 Connected to Hydroxyl Group nO′C 9 0 nO′O 2 0 nO′C/(nO′C + nO′O) 0.82 — Polar Functional — — Group

9th Example 10th Example 11th Example IUPAC Name of Glycine Alanine Valine Central Structure Structural Formula

Molecular Weight 75.07 89.09 117.15 MwP (g/mol) Abbreviation 1 Gly Ala Val Abbreviation 2 G A V Residue Property Hydrophilic Hydrophobic Hydrophobic Representative Structure as Side-Chain Structure Being PEG

Representative Structure as Side-Chain Structure Being PPG

Representative Structure as Side-Chain Structure Being Fatty Acid (CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n ≥ 3)

Side-Chain Structure Being PEG and PPG Number of 12 12 12 PEG Monomers Number of 0 0 0 PPG Monomers Molecular Weight, MwP 603.7 617.7 645.8 (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 0 nOC 24 24 24 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 12 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 0 nOC/nOO 2 2 2 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 0 Number of 0 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 12 12 12 PPG Monomers Molecular 772.0 786.0 814.1 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 0 nOC 36 36 36 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 12 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 0 Number of 6 6 6 PEG Monomers Number of 6 6 6 PPG Monomers Molecular 687.9 701.9 729.9 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 0 nOC 30 30 30 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 12 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 0 Number of 2 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 5 PPG Monomers Molecular 453.6 467.6 495.7 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 0 nOC 19 19 19 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 7 7 7 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 0 Number of 5 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 2 PPG Monomers Molecular 411.5 425.5 453.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 0 nOC 16 16 16 nNO 0 0 0. nOO 7 7 7 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 0 nOC/nOO 2 2 2 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 0 Number of 5 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 5 PPG Monomers Molecular 585.7 599.8 627.8 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 0 nOC 25 25 25 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 10 10 10 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 0 Number of 4 4 4 PEG Monomers Number of 4 4 4 PPG Monomers Molecular 483.6 497.6 525.7 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 0 nOC 20 20 20 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 8 8 8 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 0 Number of 8 8 8 PEG Monomers Number of 8 8 8 PPG Monomers Molecular 892.1 906.1 934.2 Weight MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 0 nOC 40 40 40 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 16 16 16 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 0 Side-Chain Structure Being PEG, PPG and Fatty Acid Number of 3 3 3 PEG Monomers Number of 3 3 3 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 3 3 3 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 465.5 479.5 507.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 5 5 5 nOC 15 15 15 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 6 6 6 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.25 0.25 0.25 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.45 0.45 0.45 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 8 8 8 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 5 5 5 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 651.8 665.8 693.8 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 7 7 7 nOC 24 24 24 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 8 8 8 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.23 0.23 0.23 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.47 0.47 0.47 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 0.00 Number of 5 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 4 4 4 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 7 7 7 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 667.7 681.7 709.8 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 9 9 9 nOC 22 22 22 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 9 9 9 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.29 0.29 0.29 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.50 0.50 0.50 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 0.00 Number of 2 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 9 9 9 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 447.4 461.4 489.5 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 11 11 11 nOC 10 10 10 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 4 4 4 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.52 0.52 0.52 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.73 0.73 0.73 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 0.00 Number of 5 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 11 11 11 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 607.6 621.6 649.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 13 13 13 nOC 16 16 16 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 7 7 7 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.45 0.45 0.45 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.65 0.65 0.65 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 5 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 13 13 13 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 589.5 603.5 631.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 15 15 15 nOC 15 15 15 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 5 5 5 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.50 0.50 0.50 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.75 0.75 0.75 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 0.00 Number of 2 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 15 15 15 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 531.4 545.4 573.5 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 17 17 17 nOC 10 10 10 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 4 4 4 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.63 0.63 0.63 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.81 0.81 0.81 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 0 0 0 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 34 34 34 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 593.1 607.2 635.2 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 36 36 36 nOC 0 0 0 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 0 0 0 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 1.00 1.00 1.00 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 1.00 1.00 1.00 nNO/(nNO + nOC) — — — nNO/(nNO + nOO) — — —

12th Example 13th Example 14th Example IUPAC Name of Leucine Isoleucine Phenylala-nine Central Structure Structural Formula

Molecular Weight 131.17 131.17 165.19 MwP (g/mol) Abbreviation 1 Leu Ile Phe Abbreviation 2 L I F Residue Property Hydrophobic Hydrophobic Hydrophobic Representative Structure as Side-Chain Structure Being PEG

Representative Structure as Side-Chain Structure Being PPG

Representative Structure as Side-Chain Structure Being Fatty Acid (CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n ≥ 3)

Side-Chain Structure Being PEG and PPG Number of 12 12 12 PEG Monomers Number of 0 0 0 PPG Monomers Molecular 659.8 659.8 693.8 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 0 nOC 24 24 24 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 12 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 0 nOC/nOO 2 2 2 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 0 Number of 0 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 12 12 12 PPG Monomers Molecular 828.1 828.1 862.1 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 0 nOC 36 36 36 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 12 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 0 Number of 6 6 6 PEG Monomers Number of 6 6 6 PPG Monomers Molecular 744.0 744.0 778.0 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 0 nOC 30 30 30 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 12 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 0 Number of 2 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 5 PPG Monomers Molecular 509.7 509.7 543.7 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 0 nOC 19 19 19 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 7 7 7 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 3 nNO/nNO + nOC) 0 0 0 nNO/nNO + nOO) 0 0 0 Number of 5 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 2 PPG Monomers Molecular 467.6 467.6 501.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 0 nOC 16 16 16 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 7 7 7 nNC/nNC + nOC) 0 0 0 nOC/nOO 2 2 2 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 0 Number of 5 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 5 PPG Monomers Molecular 641.8 641.8 675.9 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNc 0 0 0 nOC 25 25 25 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 10 10 10 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 0 Number of 4 4 4 PEG Monomers Number of 4 4 4 PPG Monomers Molecular 539.7 539.7 573.7 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 0 nOC 20 20 20 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 8 8 8 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 0 Number of 8 8 8 PEG Monomers Number of 8 8 8 PPG Monomers Molecular 948.2 948.2 982.2 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 0 nOC 40 40 40 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 16 16 16 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 0 Side-Chain Structure Being PEG, PPG and Fatty Acid Number of 3 3 3 PEG Monomers Number of 3 3 3 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 3 3 3 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 521.6 521.6 555.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 5 6 5 nOC 15 15 15 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 6 6 6 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.25 0.25 0.25 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.45 0.45 0.45 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 8 8 8 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 5 5 5 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 707.9 707.9 741.9 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 7 7 7 nOC 24 24 24 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 8 8 8 nNC/nNC + nOC) 0.23 0.23 0.23 nNC/nNC + nOO) 0.47 0.47 0.47 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 0.00 Number of 5 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 4 4 4 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 7 7 7 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 723.8 723.8 757.8 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 9 9 9 nOC 22 22 22 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 9 9 9 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.29 0.29 0.29 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.50 0.50 0.50 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 0.00 Number of 2 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 9 9 9 CH₃(CH₂), COOH, n = ? Molecular 503.5 503.5 537.5 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 11 11 11 nOC 10 10 10 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 4 4 4 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.52 0.52 0.52 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.73 0.73 0.73 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 0.00 Number of 5 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 11 11 11 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 663.7 663.7 697.7 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 13 13 13 nOC 16 16 16 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 7 7 7 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.45 0.45 0.45 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.65 0.65 0.65 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 5 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 13 13 13 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 645.6 645.6 679.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 15 15 15 nOC 15 15 15 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 5 5 5 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.50 0.50 0.50 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.75 0.75 0.75 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 0.00 Number of 2 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 15 15 15 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 587.5 587.5 621.5 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 17 17 17 nOC 10 10 10 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 4 4 4 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.63 0.63 0.63 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.81 0.81 0.81 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 0 0 0 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 34 34 34 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 649.2 649.2 683.3 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 36 36 36 nOC 0 0 0 nNO 0 0 0 nOO 0 0 0 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 1.00 1.00 1.00 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 1.00 1.00 1.00 nNO/(nNO + nOC) — — — nNO/(nNO + nOO) — — —

15th Example 16th Example IUPAC Name of Tryptophan Tyrosine Central Structure Structural Formula

Molecular Weight 204.23 181.19 MwP (g/mol) Abbreviation 1 Trp Tyr Abbreviation 2 W Y Residue Property Hydrophobic Hydrophilic Representative Structure as Side-Chain Structure Being PEG

Representative Structure as Side-Chain Structure Being PPG

Representative Structure 1 as Side-Chain Structure Being Fatty Acid (CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n ≥ 3)

Representative Structure 2 as Side-Chain Structure Being Fatty Acid (CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n ≥ 3) —

Representative Structure 3 as Side-Chain Structure Being Fatty Acid (CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n ≥ 3) —

Side-Chain Structure Being PEG and PPG Number of 12 12 PEG Monomers Number of 0 0 PPG Monomers Molecular 732.9 709.8 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 24 24 nNO 0 0 nOO 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 2 2 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 12 12 PPG Monomers Molecular 901.2 878.1 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 36 36 nNO 0 0 nOO 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 6 6 PEG Monomers Number of 6 6 PPG Monomers Molecular 817.0 794.0 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 30 30 nNO 0 0 nOO 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 PPG Monomers Molecular 582.7 559.7 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 19 19 nNO 0 0 nOO 7 7 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Molecular 540.7 517.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 16 16 nNO 0 0 nOO 7 7 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 2 2 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 PPG Monomers Molecular 714.9 691.9 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 25 25 nNO 0 0 nOO 10 10 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 4 4 PEG Monomers Number of 4 4 PPG Monomers Molecular 612.8 589.7 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 20 20 nNO 0 0 nOO 8 8 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 8 8 PEG Monomers Number of 8 8 PPG Monomers Molecular 1021.3 998.2 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 40 40 nNO 0 0 nOO 16 16 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Side-Chain Structure Being PEG, PPG and Fatty Acid Number of 3 3 PEG Monomers Number of 3 3 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 3 3 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 594.7 571.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 5 5 nOC 15 15 nNO 0 0 nOO 6 6 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.25 0.25 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.45 0.45 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 8 8 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 5 5 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 780.9 757.9 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 7 7 nOC 24 24 nNO 0 0 nOO 8 8 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.23 0.23 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.47 0.47 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 5 6 PEG Monomers Number of 4 4 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 7 7 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 796.9 773.8 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 9 9 nOC 22 22 nNO 0 0 nOO 9 9 nNC/n(NC + nOC) 0.29 0.29 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.50 0.50 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 9 9 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 576.6 553.5 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 11 11 nOC 10 10 nNO 0 0 nOO 4 4 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.62 0.52 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.73 0.73 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 6 5 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 11 11 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH n = ? Molecular 736.7 713.7 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 13 13 nOC 16 16 nNO 0 0 nOO 7 7 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.45 0.45 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.65 0.65 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 13 13 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 718.7 695.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 15 15 nOC 15 15 nNO 0 0 nOO 5 5 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.50 0.50 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.75 0.75 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 15 15 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 660.6 637.5 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 17 17 nOC 10 10 nNO 0 0 nOO 4 4 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.63 0.63 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.81 0.81 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 0 0 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 34 34 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 722.3 699.3 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 36 36 nOC 0 0 nNO 0 0 nOO 0 0 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 1.00 1.00 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 1.00 1.00 nNO/(nNO + nOC) — — nNO/(nNO + nOO) — —

17th Example 18th Example IUPAC Name of Aspartate Histidine Central Structure Structural Formula

Molecular Weight 133.1 155.16 MwP (g/mol) Abbreviation 1 Asp His Abbreviation 2 D H Residue Property Acidic Basic Representative Structure 1 as Side-Chain Structure Being PEG

Representative Structure 2 as Side-Chain Structure Being PEG

— Representative Structure 1 as Side-Chain Structure Being PPG

Representative Structure 2 as Side-Chain Structure Being PPG

— Representative Structure as Side-Chain Structure Being Fatty Acid (CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, H, n ≥ 3)

Side-Chain Structure Being PEG and PPG Number of 12 12 PEG Monomers Number of 0 0 PPG Monomers Molecular 661.7 683.8 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 24 24 nNO 0 0 nOO 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 2 2 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 12 12 PPG Monomers Molecular 830.0 852.1 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 36 36 nNO 0 0 nOO 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 6 6 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 PPG Monomers Molecular 745.9 768.0 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 30 30 nNO 0 0 nOO 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 6 6 PPG Monomers Molecular 511.6 533.7 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 19 19 nNO 0 0 nOO 7 7 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Molecular 469.5 491.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 16 16 nNO 0 0 nOO 7 7 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 2 2 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 PPG Monomers Molecular 643.8 665.8 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 25 25 nNO 0 0 nOO 10 10 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 4 4 PEG Monomers Number of 4 4 PPG Monomers Molecular 541.6 563.7 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 20 20 nNO 0 0 nOO 8 8 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 8 8 PEG Monomers Number of 8 8 PPG Monomers Molecular 950.2 972.2 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 40 40 nNO 0 0 nOO 16 16 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Side-Chain Structure Being PEG, PPG and Fatty Acid Number of 3 3 PEG Monomers Number of 3 3 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 3 3 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 523.6 545.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 5 5 nOC 15 15 nNO 0 0 nOO 6 6 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.25 0.25 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.45 0.45 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 8 8 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 5 5 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH n = ? Molecular 709.8 731.9 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 7 7 nOC 24 24 nNO 0 0 nOO 8 8 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.23 0.23 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.47 0.47 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 4 4 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 7 7 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 725.7 747.8 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 9 9 nOC 22 22 nNO 0 0 nOO 9 9 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.29 0.29 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.50 0.50 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 9 9 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 505.4 527.5 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 11 11 nOC 10 10 nNO 0 0 nOO 4 4 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.52 0.52 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.73 0.73 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 11 11 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 665.6 687.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 13 13 nOC 16 16 nNO 0 0 nOO 7 7 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.45 0.45 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.65 0.65 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 13 13 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 647.6 669.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 15 15 nOC 15 15 nNO 0 0 nOO 5 5 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.50 0.50 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.75 0.75 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 15 15 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 589.4 611.5 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 17 17 nOC 10 10 nNO 0 0 nOO 4 4 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.63 0.63 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.81 0.81 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 0 0 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 34 34 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 651.2 673.2 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 36 36 nOC 0 0 nNO 0 0 nOO 0 0 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 1.00 1.00 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 1.00 1.00 nNO/(nNO + nOC) — — nNO/(nNO + nOO) — —

19th Example 20th Example IUPAC Name of Asparagine Glutamate Central Structure Structural Formula

Molecular Weight 132.12 147.13 MwP (g/mol) Abbreviation 1 Asn Glu Abbreviation 2 N E Residue Property Hydrophilic Acidic Representative Structure 1 as Side-Chain Structure Being PEG

Representative Structure 2 as Side-Chain Structure Being PEG —

Representative Structure 1 as Side-Chain Structure Being PPG

Representative Structure 2 as Side-Chain Structure Being PPG —

Representative Structure 1 as Side-Chain Structure Being Fatty Acid (CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n ≥ 3)

Representative Structure 2 as Side-Chain Structure Being Fatty Acid (CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH,

— n ≥ 3) Representative Structure 3 as Side-Chain Structure Being Fatty Acid (CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n ≥ 3)

— Side-Chain Structure Being PEG and PPG Number of 12 12 PEG Monomers Number of 0 0 PPG Monomers Molecular 660.8 675.8 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 24 24 nNO 0 0 nOO 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 2 2 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 12 12 PPG Monomers Molecular 829.1 844.1 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 36 36 nNO 0 0 nOO 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 6 6 PEG Monomers Number of 6 6 PPG Monomers Molecular 744.9 759.9 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 30 30 nNO 0 0 nOO 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 PPG Monomers Molecular 510.6 525.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 19 19 nNO 0 0 nOO 7 7 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Molecular 468.5 483.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 16 16 nNO 0 0 nOO 7 7 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 2 2 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 PPG Monomers Molecular 642.8 657.8 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 25 25 nNO 0 0 nOO 10 10 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 4 4 PEG Monomers Number of 4 4 PPG Monomers Molecular 540.6 555.7 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 20 20 nNO 0 0 nOO 8 8 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 8 8 PEG Monomers Number of 8 8 PPG Monomers Molecular 949.2 964.2 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 40 40 nNO 0 0 nOO 16 16 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Side-Chain Structure Being PEG, PPG and Fatty Acid Number of 3 3 PEG Monomers Number of 3 3 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 3 3 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 522.6 537.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 5 5 nOC 15 15 nNO 0 0 nOO 6 6 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.25 0.25 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.45 0.45 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 8 8 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 5 5 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 708.8 723.8 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 7 7 nOC 24 24 nNO 0 0 nOO 8 8 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.23 0.23 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.47 0.47 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 4 4 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 7 7 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 724.8 739.8 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 9 9 nOC 22 22 nNO 0 0 nOO 9 9 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.29 0.29 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.50 0.50 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 9 9 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 504.4 519.5 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 11 11 nOC 10 10 nNO 0 0 nOO 4 4 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.52 0.62 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.73 0.73 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 11 11 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 664.6 679.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 13 13 nOC 16 16 nNO 0 0 nOO 7 7 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.45 0.46 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.65 0.65 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 13 13 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 646.6 661.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 15 15 nOC 15 15 nNO 0 0 nOO 5 5 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.50 0.50 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.75 0.75 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 15 15 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 588.4 603.5 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 17 17 nOC 10 10 nNO 0 0 nOO 4 4 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.63 0.63 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.81 0.81 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 0 0 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 34 34 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH n = ? Molecular 650.2 665.2 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 36 36 nOC 0 0 nNO 0 0 nOO 0 0 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 1.00 1.00 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 1.00 1.00 nNO/(nNO + nOC) — — nNO/(nNO + nOO) — —

21st Example 22nd Example IUPAC Name of Lysine Glutamine Central Structure Structural Formula

Molecular Weight 146.19 146.15 MwP (g/mol) Abbreviation 1 Lys Gln Abbreviation 2 K Q Residue Property Basic Hydrophilic Representative Structure as Side-Chain Structure Being PEG

Representative Structure as Side-Chain Structure Being PPG

Representative Structure 1 as Side-Chain Structure Being Fatty Acid (CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n ≥ 3)

Representative Structure 2 as Side-Chain Structure Being Fatty Acid (CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH,

— n ≥ 3) Representative Structure 3 as Side-Chain Structure Being Fatty Acid (CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n ≥ 3)

— Side-Chain Structure Being PEG and PPG Number of 12 12 PEG Monomers Number of 0 0 PPG Monomers Molecular 674.8 674.8 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 24 24 nNO 0 0 nOO 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 2 2 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 12 12 PPG Monomers Molecular 843.1 843.1 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 36 36 nNO 0 0 nOO 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 6 6 PEG Monomers Number of 6 6 PPG Monomers Molecular 759.0 758.9 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 30 30 nNO 0 0 nOO 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 PPG Monomers Molecular 524.7 524.7 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 19 19 nNO 0 0 nOO 7 7 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number Of 5 6 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Molecular 482.6 482.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 16 16 nNO 0 0 nOO 7 7 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 2 2 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 PPG Monomers Molecular 656.9 656.8 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 25 25 nNO 0 0 nOO 10 10 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 4 4 PEG Monomers Number of 4 4 PPG Monomers Molecular 554.7 554.7 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 20 20 nNO 0 0 nOO 8 8 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 8 8 PEG Monomers Number of 8 8 PPG Monomers Molecular 963.2 963.2 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 40 40 nNO 0 0 nOO 16 16 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Side-Chain Structure Being PEG, PPG and Fatty Acid Number of 3 3 PEG Monomers Number of 3 3 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 3 3 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 536.6 536.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 5 5 nOC 15 15 nNO 0 0 nOO 6 6 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.25 0.25 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.45 0.45 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 8 8 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 5 5 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH n = ? Molecular 722.9 722.8 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 7 7 nOC 24 24 nNO 0 0 nOO 8 8 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.23 0.23 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.47 0.47 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 4 4 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 7 7 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 738.8 738.8 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNO 9 9 nOC 22 22 nNO 0 0 nOO 9 9 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.29 0.29 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.50 0.50 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 9 9 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 518.5 518.5 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 11 11 nOC 10 10 nNO 0 0 nOO 4 4 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.52 0.52 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.73 0.73 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 11 11 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 678.7 678.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 13 13 nOC 16 16 nNO 0 0 nOO 7 7 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.46 0.45 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.65 0.65 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 13 13 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 660.6 660.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 15 15 nOC 15 15 nNO 0 0 nOO 5 5 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.50 0.50 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.75 0.75 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 15 15 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 602.5 602.5 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 17 17 nOC 10 10 nNO 0 0 nOO 4 4 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.63 0.63 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.81 0.81 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 0 0 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 34 34 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 664.3 664.2 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 36 36 nOC 0 0 nNO 0 0 nOO 0 0 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 1.00 1.00 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 1.00 1.00 nNO/(nNO + nOC) — — nNO/(nNO + nOO) — —

23rd Example 24th Example IUPAC Name of Arginine Serine Central Structure Structural Formula

Molecular Weight 174.2 105.09 MwP (g/mol) Abbreviation 1 Arg Ser Abbreviation 2 R S Residue Property Basic Hydrophilic Representative Structure as Side-Chain Structure Being PEG

Representative Structure as Side-Chain Structure Being PPG

Representative Structure 1 as Side-Chain Structure Being Fatty Acid (CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n ≥ 3)

Representative Structure 2 as Side-Chain Structure Being Fatty Acid (CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH,

n ≥ 3) Representative Structure 3 as Side-Chain Structure Being Fatty Acid (CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n ≥ 3)

Side-Chain Structure Being PEG and PPG Number of 12 12 PEG Monomers Number of 0 0 PPG Monomers Molecular 702.8 633.7 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 24 24 nNO 0 0 nOO 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 2 2 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 12 12 PPG Monomers Molecular 871.1 802.0 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 36 36 nNO 0 0 nOO 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 6 6 PEG Monomers Number of 6 6 PPG Monomers Molecular 787.0 717.9 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 30 30 nNO 0 0 nOO 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 PPG Monomers Molecular 552.7 483.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 19 19 nNO 0 0 nOO 7 7 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Molecular 510.6 441.5 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 16 16 nNO 0 0 nOO 7 7 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 2 2 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 PPG Monomers Molecular 684.9 615.8 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 25 25 nNO 0 0 nOO 10 10 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 4 4 PEG Monomers Number of 4 4 PPG Monomers Molecular 582.7 513.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 20 20 nNO 0 0 nOO 8 8 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 8 8 PEG Monomers Number of 8 8 PPG Monomers Molecular 991.3 922.1 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 40 40 nNO 0 0 nOO 16 16 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Side-Chain Structure Being PEG, PPG and Fatty Acid Number of 3 3 PEG Monomers Number of 3 3 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 3 3 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 564.7 495.5 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 5 5 nOC 15 15 nNO 0 0 nOO 6 6 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.25 0.25 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.45 0.45 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 8 8 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 5 5 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 750.9 681.8 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 7 7 nOC 24 24 nNO 0 0 nOO 8 8 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.23 0.23 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.47 0.47 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 4 4 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 7 7 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 766.8 697.7 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 9 9 nOC 22 22 nNO 0 0 nOO 9 9 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.29 0.29 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.50 0.50 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 9 9 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 546.5 477.4 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 11 11 nOC 10 10 nNO 0 0 nOO 4 4 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.52 0.52 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.73 0.73 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 11 11 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 706.7 637.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 13 13 nOC 16 16 nNO 0 0 nOO 7 7 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.45 0.45 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.65 0.65 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 13 13 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 688.7 619.5 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 15 15 nOC 15 15 nNO 0 0 nOO 5 5 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.50 0.50 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.75 0.75 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 15 15 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 630.5 561.4 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 17 17 nOC 10 10 nNO 0 0 nOO 4 4 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.63 0.63 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.81 0.81 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 0 0 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 34 34 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 692.3 623.2 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 36 36 nOC 0 0 nNO 0 0 nOO 0 0 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 1.00 1.00 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 1.00 1.00 nNO/(nNO + nOC) — — nNO/(nNO + nOO) — —

25th Example 26th Example IUPAC Name of Threonine Methionine Central Structure Structural Formula

Molecular Weight 119.12 149.21 MwP (g/mol) Abbreviation 1 Thr Met Abbreviation 2 T M Residue Property Hydrophilic Hydrophobic Representative Structure as Side-Chain Structure Being PEG

Representative Structure as Side-Chain Structure Being PPG

Representative Structure 1 as Side-Chain Structure Being Fatty Acid (CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n ≥ 3)

Representative Structure 2 as Side-Chain Structure Being Fatty Acid (CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n ≥ 3)

— Representative Structure 3 as Side-Chain Structure Being Fatty Acid (CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n ≥ 3)

— Side-Chain Structure Being PEG and PPG Number of 12 12 PEG Monomers Number of 0 0 PPG Monomers Molecular 647.8 677.8 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 24 24 nNO 0 0 nOO 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 2 2 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 12 12 PPG Monomers Molecular 816.1 846.2 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 36 36 nNO 0 0 nOO 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 6 6 PEG Monomers Number of 6 6 PPG Monomers Molecular 731.9 762.0 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 30 30 nNO 0 0 nOO 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 PPG Monomers Molecular 497.6 527.7 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 19 19 nNO 0 0 nOO 7 7 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Molecular 455.5 486.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 16 16 nNO 0 0 nOO 7 7 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 2 2 nNO/(nNO+ nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 PPG Monomers Molecular 629.8 659.9 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 25 25 nNO 0 0 nOO 10 10 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 4 4 PEG Monomers Number of 4 4 PPG Monomers Molecular 527.6 557.7 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOG 20 20 nNO 0 0 nOO 8 8 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 8 8 PEG Monomers Number of 8 8 PPG Monomers Molecular 936.2 966.3 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 40 40 nNO 0 0 nOO 16 16 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Side-Chain Structure Being PEG, PPG and Fatty Acid Number of 3 3 PEG Monomers Number of 3 3 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, 3 3 n = ? Molecular 509.6 539.7 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 5 5 nOC 15 15 nNO 0 0 nOO 6 6 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.25 0.25 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.45 0.45 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 8 8 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 5 5 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 695.8 725.9 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 7 7 nOC 24 24 nNO 0 0 nOO 8 8 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.23 0.23 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.47 0.47 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 4 4 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 7 7 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 711.8 741.9 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 9 9 nOC 22 22 nNO 0 0 nOO 9 9 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.29 0.29 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.50 0.60 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 9 9 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 491.4 521.5 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 11 11 nOC 10 10 nNO 0 0 nOO 4 4 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.52 0.52 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.73 0.73 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 11 11 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 651.6 681.7 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 13 13 nOC 16 16 nNO 0 0 nOO 7 7 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.45 0.45 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.65 0.65 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 13 13 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 633.6 663.7 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 15 15 nOC 15 15 nNO 0 0 nOO 5 5 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.50 0.50 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.75 0.75 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 15 15 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 575.4 605.5 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 17 17 nOC 10 10 nNO 0 0 nOO 4 4 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.63 0.63 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.81 0.81 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 0 0 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 34 34 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 637.2 667.3 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 36 36 nOC 0 0 nNO 0 0 nOO 0 0 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 1.00 1.00 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 1.00 1.00 nNO/(nNO + nOC) — — nNO/(nNO + nOO) — —

27th Example 28th Example IUPAC Name of Cysteine Proline Central Structure Structural Formula

Molecular Weight 121.16 115.13 MwP (g/mol) Abbreviation 1 Cys Pro Abbreviation 2 C P Residue Property Hydrophilic Hydrophobic Representative Structure as Side-Chain Structure Being PEG

Representative Structure as Side-Chain Structure Being PPG

Representative Structure as Side-Chain Structure Being Fatty Acid (CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n ≥ 3)

— Side-Chain Structure Being PEG and PPG Number of 12 12 PEG Monomers Number of 0 0 PPG Monomers Molecular 649.8 643.8 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 24 24 nNO 0 0 nOO 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 2 2 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 12 12 PPG Monomers Molecular 818.1 812.1 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 36 36 nNO 0 0 nOO 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 6 6 PEG Monomers Number of 6 6 PPG Monomers Molecular 734.0 727.9 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 30 30 nNO 0 0 nOO 12 12 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 PPG Monomers Molecular 499.7 493.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 19 19 nNO 0 0 nOO 7 7 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Molecular 457.6 451.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 16 16 nNO 0 0 nOO 7 7 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 2 2 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 PPG Monomers Molecular 631.8 625.8 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 25 25 nNO 0 0 nOO 10 10 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 4 4 PEG Monomers Number of 4 4 PPG Monomers Molecular 529.7 523.7 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 20 20 nNO 0 0 nOO 8 8 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Number of 8 8 PEG Monomers Number of 8 8 PPG Monomers Molecular 938.2 932.2 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 0 0 nOC 40 40 nNO 0 0 nOO 16 16 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0 0 nOC/nOO 3 3 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0 0 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0 0 Side-Chain Structure Being PEG, PPG and Fatty Acid Number of 3 3 PEG Monomers Number of 3 3 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 3 0 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 511.6 421.5 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 5 0 nOC 15 15 nNO 0 0 nOO 6 6 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.25 0.00 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.45 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 8 8 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 5 — CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 697.9 579.8 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 7 0 nOC 24 24 nNO 0 0 nOO 8 8 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.23 0.00 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.47 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 4 4 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 7 — CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 713.8 567.7 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 9 0 nOC 22 22 nNO 0 0 nOO 9 9 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.29 0.00 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.50 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 9 — CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 493.5 319.4 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 11 0 nOC 10 10 nNO 0 0 nOO 4 4 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.52 0.00 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.73 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 5 5 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 11 — CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 653.6 451.6 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 13 0 nOC 16 16 nNO 0 0 nOO 7 7 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.45 0.00 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.65 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 5 5 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 13 — CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 635.6 405.5 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 15 0 nOC 15 15 nNO 0 0 nOO 5 5 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.50 0.00 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.75 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 2 2 PEG Monomers Number of 2 2 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 15 — CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 577.5 319.4 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 17 0 nOC 10 10 nNO 0 0 nOO 4 4 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 0.63 0.00 nNC/(nNC + nOO) 0.81 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOC) 0.00 0.00 nNO/(nNO + nOO) 0.00 0.00 Number of 0 0 PEG Monomers Number of 0 0 PPG Monomers Fatty Acid 34 0 CH₃(CH₂)_(n)COOH, n = ? Molecular 639.2 115.1 Weight, MwP (g/mol, Dalton) nNC 36 0 nOC 0 0 nNO 0 0 nOO 0 0 nNC/(nNC + nOC) 1.00 — nNC/(nNC + nOO) 1.00 — nNO/(nNO + nOC) — — nNO/(nNO + nOO) — —

FIG. 15 shows results of biodegradation tests of the comparison, the 29th Example and the 30th Example. The biodegradation tests (ASTM 5338) of the plasticizers with different molecular structures are performed below. The comparison, the 29th Example and the 30th Example are tested, and the degrees of degradation under different days are listed in the following table.

Comparison 29th Example 30th Example Central Citric Acid Amino Acid Bezene Derivative Structure Derivative Derivative Product Acetyl Tributyl Dioctyl Ethylene Glycol Name Citrate DL-Aspartate Disalicylate Structural Formula

Reactant 1 Aspartate Salicylic Acid Reactant 2 Octanol Ethylene Glycol days Degree of Degradation (%)  0 0 0 0  3 1.53 6.70 3.21  7 13.22 8.53 1.97  12 20.84 20.53 1.09  15 25.38 26.53 1.87  19 26.71 35.22 4.13  24 28.89 44.08 6.63  28 30.29 48.75 13.13  33 29.64 51.62 17.63  36 33.87 53.72 26.70  40 33.87 55.78 33.47  45 34.64 57.19 38.10  49 39.24 58.41 43.93  54 39.81 59.35 47.28  58 41.33 59.61 60.14  63 42.10 59.85 67.90  67 41.59 60.34 69.50  71 42.04 62.58 71.37  75 42.47 63.96 72.99  81 42.89 63.75 73.19  85 44.19 62.72 73.19  89 44.65 64.14 73.53  93 44.65 65.04 78.89  98 44.24 65.04 78.51 102 44.86 66.44 78.14 105 44.36 66.44 78.50 109 43.39 66.25 81.63 114 44.42 66.04 81.09 118 44.11 66.80 84.55 124 44.11 66.80 84.55 128 44.73 67.01 86.04 132 44.88 66.81 86.55 137 45.54 66.81 86.81 140 45.19 66.81 86.58 144 45.51 66.01 86.58 147 45.18 64.81 87.69 151 45.18 64.62 88.54 155 45.18 64.23 88.54 158 45.00 65.50 87.80 161 45.00 66.30 87.80 165 45.00 66.92 87.80 168 44.78 65.84 88.40 172 43.19 67.51 89.55 175 43.19 69.97 89.91 179 42.55 71.93 91.46

According to the present disclosure, the biodegradable plasticizer is developed by investigating a novel molecular structure. The plasticizer has the abilities of improving the plastic texture, meeting the requirements for widespread applications, and further enhancing the degradation and cycle of the plastic. The plasticizer includes the first connecting structure and the second connecting structure, includes the benzene derivative and/or the amino acid as the central structure, and is grafted with the side-chain structure of the chain with multiple carbon atoms. The plasticizer can further include the polar functional group to adjust the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the plasticizer. The plasticizer, which reaches desire durability, heat resistance, impact resistance and flexibility, and is harmless to human body, hard to release and low-cost, is developed to meet the target of high biodegradability.

The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments and examples. It is to be noted that Tables show different data of the different examples; however, the data of the different examples are obtained from experiments. The embodiments and examples were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the disclosure and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the disclosure and various embodiments or examples with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. The embodiments and examples depicted above and the appended drawings are exemplary and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of the present disclosure to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings, 

What is claimed is:
 1. A plasticizer, which is biodegradable, a molecule of the plasticizer comprising: a central structure comprising at least one of a benzene derivative and at least one amino acid; at least two connecting structures respectively connected to the central structure, wherein the at least two connecting structures comprise: a first connecting structure, which is an amine group; and a second connecting structure, which is a carboxyl group; and at least one side-chain structure, wherein the at least one side-chain structure is a chain of multiple carbon atoms, the at least one side-chain structure is connected to at least one of the first connecting structure and the second connecting structure, an amide bond is formed as the at least one side-chain structure connected to the amine group, and an ester bond is formed as the at least one side-chain structure connected to the carboxyl group; wherein a number of carbon atoms of the side-chain structure which is connected to the amine group is nNC, a number of carbon atoms of the side-chain structure which is connected to the carboxyl group is nOC, and the following condition is satisfied: 0≤nNC/(nNC+nOC)≤1.00; wherein each of nNC and nOC is 0 or positive integer, but nNC and nOC are not 0 at the same time.
 2. The plasticizer of claim 1, wherein the central structure is the benzene derivative.
 3. The plasticizer of claim 2, wherein the central structure further comprises the at least one amino acid.
 4. The plasticizer of claim 1, wherein the central structure is the at least one amino acid.
 5. The plasticizer of claim 4, wherein a residue of the at least one amino acid is acidic.
 6. The plasticizer of claim 5, wherein the at least one amino acid is aspartate.
 7. The plasticizer of claim 4, wherein the central structure comprises at least two of the amino acid.
 8. The plasticizer of claim 1, wherein a hydroxyl group is substituted for the amine group of the first connecting structure, and an ether bond is formed as the at least one side-chain structure connected to the hydroxyl group.
 9. The plasticizer of claim 1, wherein a molecular weight of the plasticizer is MwP, and the following condition is satisfied: 450 Dalton ≤MwP.
 10. The plasticizer of claim 1, further comprising: at least one polar functional group connected to the at least one side-chain structure, wherein the at least one polar functional group is a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, an amine group or a phosphoryl group.
 11. The plasticizer of claim 10, wherein the plasticizer comprises at least two of the polar functional group, which are selected from the group consisting of the carboxyl group, the hydroxyl group, the amine group and the phosphoryl group.
 12. A plastic product, which is biodegradable, comprising: the plasticizer of claim 1; and a polyester plastic, wherein the polyester plastic is a polylactic acid, a polybutylene succinate, a polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate) or a polyhydroxyalkanoate; wherein the plasticizer is mixed with the polyester plastic.
 13. A plasticizer, which is biodegradable, a molecule of the plasticizer comprising: at least two central structures, wherein each of the central structures comprises at least one of a benzene derivative and at least one amino acid; at least two connecting structures, wherein each of the connecting structures is a carboxyl group, and each of the central structures is connected to at least one of the connecting structures; and a side-chain structure, wherein the side-chain structure is a chain of multiple carbon atoms, each of the central structures is connected to the side-chain structure through the connecting structures, and an ester bond is formed as the side-chain structure connected to each of the carboxyl groups. 